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    <title>Frugal Organic Mama — Free Kitchen Calculators &amp; Food Science</title>
    <subtitle>Free kitchen math tools and food science articles to cook smarter, reduce food waste, and save money.</subtitle>
    <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/feed.xml" rel="self"/>
    <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/"/>
    <updated>2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/</id>
    <author>
        <name>Suzanne Williamson</name>
    </author>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Can You Freeze Tomatoes Without Blanching? Yes — Here&#39;s the Method and the Trade-Off</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/freeze-tomatoes-without-blanching/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/freeze-tomatoes-without-blanching/</id>
        <summary type="text">Tomatoes don&#39;t need blanching before freezing — they&#39;re one of the few vegetables where skipping it is intentional, not a shortcut. The skins slip off on their own after thawing. Frozen unblanched tomatoes work perfectly in cooked applications. Here&#39;s what to expect and how to do it.</summary>
        <category term="blanching"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Kahm Yeast vs Mold on Fermented Vegetables: How to Tell the Difference and What to Do</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/kahm-yeast-vs-mold/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-06T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/kahm-yeast-vs-mold/</id>
        <summary type="text">White film on your sauerkraut or pickles is almost always Kahm yeast — harmless, flat, and easy to skim. Fuzzy or colored growth is mold — discard the batch. Here&#39;s exactly how to tell the difference, why Kahm forms, and how to prevent it.</summary>
        <category term="fermentation"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How to Store Sourdough Bread: Why the Fridge Is the Wrong Answer</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-to-store-sourdough-bread/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-04T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-04T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-to-store-sourdough-bread/</id>
        <summary type="text">Sourdough bread stored in the refrigerator goes stale faster than bread left on the counter. The fridge temperature (35–40°F) is the exact sweet spot for starch retrogradation — the process that makes bread hard and dry. Here&#39;s what actually works: counter for 2–3 days, freezer for anything beyond that.</summary>
        <category term="sourdough"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Long Does Cooked Rice Last? The Food Safety Answer (And Why Rice Is Riskier Than Most Leftovers)</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-does-cooked-rice-last/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-03T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-does-cooked-rice-last/</id>
        <summary type="text">Cooked rice lasts 4 days in the refrigerator and 3 months in the freezer. Rice must be cooled below 40°F within 2 hours and reheated to 165°F.</summary>
        <category term="rice"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How to Blanch Corn: Times, Ice Bath, and the Freezing Method That Actually Works</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-to-blanch-corn/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-02T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-02T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-to-blanch-corn/</id>
        <summary type="text">Blanch corn on the cob for 4 minutes (small ears) to 6 minutes (large ears), ice bath immediately for the same time, dry completely before freezing. Cut kernels off the cob before freezing — whole cobs take up freezer space and thaw unevenly.</summary>
        <category term="blanching"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Sourdough Scoring: Why It&#39;s Not Just Decorative (And How to Actually Do It)</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/sourdough-scoring-guide/"/>
        <updated>2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-05-01T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/sourdough-scoring-guide/</id>
        <summary type="text">Scoring controls where your sourdough expands in the oven. Skip it and the loaf bursts randomly at its weakest point, producing dense, uneven crumb. Here&#39;s the tool, the angle, the depth, and the pattern — with what went wrong on my first dozen attempts.</summary>
        <category term="sourdough"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Much Turkey Per Person: The Formula That Actually Accounts for Bones, Leftovers, and Hungry Families</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-turkey-per-person/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-turkey-per-person/</id>
        <summary type="text">Plan 1.25 lbs of whole turkey per person for a standard Thanksgiving dinner. Want leftovers? Go 1.5 lbs. Feeding all adults with big appetites? 1.75 lbs. Here&#39;s why the standard advice keeps getting it wrong, and the formula I&#39;ve used for groups from 8 to 40.</summary>
        <category term="turkey"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Turkey Brine: Dry Brine vs Wet Brine — Which Actually Makes a Better Bird</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/turkey-brine-recipe/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-30T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/turkey-brine-recipe/</id>
        <summary type="text">Dry brine wins for most home cooks: less mess, crispier skin, no equipment beyond a sheet pan. Wet brine produces juicier meat but requires a container large enough to submerge a 15-lb turkey in salt water overnight. Here&#39;s both methods in full, and when each one is the right call.</summary>
        <category term="turkey"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Long Do Spices Last? The Honest Shelf Life Guide (With the Test That Actually Works)</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-do-spices-last/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-do-spices-last/</id>
        <summary type="text">Ground spices last 1–3 years, whole spices 3–5 years, dried herbs 1–3 years. But &#39;expired&#39; doesn&#39;t mean unsafe — it means flavorless. Here&#39;s the smell test that tells you in 10 seconds whether a spice is worth keeping.</summary>
        <category term="baking"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Long Does Sourdough Starter Last? Fed, Unfed, Refrigerated, and Frozen</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-does-sourdough-starter-last/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-does-sourdough-starter-last/</id>
        <summary type="text">A well-maintained sourdough starter lasts indefinitely. Miss 2–3 days at room temperature and quality drops fast; dried flakes last 1–2 years; reactivation usually takes 3–7 days.</summary>
        <category term="sourdough"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Baking Soda vs Baking Powder: Why They&#39;re Not Interchangeable (And What Happens When You Mix Them Up)</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/baking-soda-vs-baking-powder/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/baking-soda-vs-baking-powder/</id>
        <summary type="text">Baking soda needs an acid in the recipe to work. Baking powder has that acid built in. Use the wrong one and you get flat, dense, or metallic-tasting results — here&#39;s exactly what each does and the conversion when you&#39;re out of one.</summary>
        <category term="substitutions"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Long Do Pickles Last? Refrigerator, Canned, and Fermented — With Food Safety Guidelines</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-do-pickles-last/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-do-pickles-last/</id>
        <summary type="text">Refrigerator pickles last 2–4 weeks. Water bath canned pickles last 1–2 years unopened. Lacto-fermented pickles last 4–6 months refrigerated.</summary>
        <category term="fermentation"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Much Meat Per Person: A Party Planner&#39;s Guide to Every Cut and Event Type</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-meat-per-person/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-meat-per-person/</id>
        <summary type="text">Boneless chicken breast: 6–8oz per person. Bone-in chicken thighs: 2 pieces per person. Ground beef (tacos, burgers): 4–6oz per person. Whole brisket: 1/3 lb per person. Every cut, every event type — with the formula I&#39;ve used for groups from 10 to 200.</summary>
        <category term="taco"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Jasmine Rice Water Ratio: Why 1:1.25 Works Better Than the Package Says</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/jasmine-rice-water-ratio/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/jasmine-rice-water-ratio/</id>
        <summary type="text">Most jasmine rice packages say 1:1.5 or 1:2. Our shared jasmine baseline is 1:1.25 on the stovetop and 1:1 in the Instant Pot. Here&#39;s why jasmine behaves differently and how rinsing changes the ratio.</summary>
        <category term="rice"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Pour Over Coffee Ratio: The Numbers, the Bloom, and Why Your First Cup Never Tastes Right</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/pour-over-coffee-ratio/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-26T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/pour-over-coffee-ratio/</id>
        <summary type="text">Pour over coffee ratio: 1:15 (1g coffee per 15g water) for most beans. But the bloom matters more than the ratio — saturate the grounds for 30–45 seconds first, or the rest of the water channels through unevenly and your cup is sour no matter what ratio you use.</summary>
        <category term="coffee"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Why 1 Cup of Flour Weighs Less Than 1 Cup of Sugar (And Why It Matters for Baking)</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/why-does-1-cup-flour-weigh-different/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-25T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-25T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/why-does-1-cup-flour-weigh-different/</id>
        <summary type="text">1 cup of all-purpose flour weighs 120g. 1 cup of sugar weighs 200g. Same cup, 67% more weight. The reason is density — and understanding it explains why your baked goods succeed or fail more than any other single variable.</summary>
        <category term="baking"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Long to Defrost Chicken Breast, Thighs, and Whole Chicken</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-to-defrost-chicken-breast-thighs-whole/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-long-to-defrost-chicken-breast-thighs-whole/</id>
        <summary type="text">Chicken breast, thighs, wings, and whole chickens do not thaw at the same speed. In my kitchen, thickness matters more than package weight once you switch to the microwave. Here is how I actually handle fridge, cold water, and microwave defrosting without guessing.</summary>
        <category term="defrost"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>How Much Does It Cost to Fill a Raised Bed? The Math I Actually Use Before Buying Soil</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-fill-a-raised-bed/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-fill-a-raised-bed/</id>
        <summary type="text">Raised bed soil gets expensive fast. In my experience, the real shock is never the lumber - it is the fill. Here is how I price compost, coco coir, vermiculite, bulk soil, and hugelkultur layers before I ever load a cart at Home Depot or Lowe&#39;s.</summary>
        <category term="soil"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Rice Cooker Water Lines vs Measuring Cups: Why the Numbers Don&#39;t Match</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/rice-cooker-lines-vs-measuring-cups/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/rice-cooker-lines-vs-measuring-cups/</id>
        <summary type="text">If your rice cooker water lines never match your measuring cup, the problem is usually the 180ml rice cup, not the 240ml US cup. Here&#39;s how to use Aroma, Zojirushi, and standard cups without ruining a batch.</summary>
        <category term="rice"/>
    </entry>
    
    <entry>
        <title>Starter Percentage vs Bulk Fermentation Time: The Relationship I Wish I Learned Earlier</title>
        <link href="https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/starter-percentage-vs-bulk-time/"/>
        <updated>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</updated>
        <published>2026-04-22T00:00:00.000Z</published>
        <id>https://www.frugalorganicmama.com/blog/starter-percentage-vs-bulk-time/</id>
        <summary type="text">Starter percentage changes sourdough timing fast. At 76°F, 6% starter often wants 6-7 hours, while 30% starter can move in 3-4.</summary>
        <category term="sourdough"/>
    </entry>
    
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